Base data

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solar/soldata2.html

import numpy as np

solar_system = {
  "mercury": {
    "name": "Mercury",
    "diameter_km": 4_879,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 57_900_000,
    "mass_kg": 3.3e23,
  },
  "venus": {
    "name": "Venus",
    "diameter_km": 12_104,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 108_200_000,
    "mass_kg": 4.87e24,
  },
  "earth": {
    "name": "Earth",
    "diameter_km": 12_756,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 149_600_000,
    "mass_kg": 5.976e24,
  },
  "mars": {
    "name": "Mars",
    "diameter_km": 6_792,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 227_900_000,
    "mass_kg": 6.42e23,
  },
  "jupiter": {
    "name": "Jupiter",
    "diameter_km": 142_984,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 778_600_000,
    "mass_kg": 1.90e27,
  },
  "saturn": {
    "name": "Saturn",
    "diameter_km": 120_536,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 1_427_000_000,
    "mass_kg": 5.68e26,
  },
  "uranus": {
    "name": "Uranus",
    "diameter_km": 51_118,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 2_870_000_000,
    "mass_kg": 8.69e25,
  },
  "neptune": {
    "name": "Neptune",
    "diameter_km": 49_528,
    "distance_from_sun_km": 4_497_000_000,
    "mass_kg": 1.02e26,
  },
}

au_scale = solar_system["earth"]["distance_from_sun_km"]

distances_km = np.array([p["distance_from_sun_km"] for p in solar_system.values()])
distances_au = distances_km / au_scale

for p, au in zip(solar_system.values(), distances_au):
    p["distance_from_sun_au"] = au

earth_mass_kg = solar_system["earth"]["mass_kg"]
for p in solar_system.values():
    p["mass_earth"] = p["mass_kg"] / earth_mass_kg

print(f"Reference: 1 AU = {au_scale:,} km")
print(f"Reference: 1 Earth Mass = {earth_mass_kg:.3e} kg\n")

from IPython.display import display, Markdown

print("Distances from the Sun:")
for p in solar_system.values():
    print(f"{p['name']:<10}: {p['distance_from_sun_au']:>5.2f} AU")

display(Markdown("Planetary Masses:  \n" + "  \n".join(
    rf"{p['name']:<10}: {p['mass_earth']:>8.2f} $M_{{\oplus}}$" for p in solar_system.values()
)))

Reference: 1 AU = 149,600,000 km
Reference: 1 Earth Mass = 5.976e+24 kg

Distances from the Sun:
Mercury   :  0.39 AU
Venus     :  0.72 AU
Earth     :  1.00 AU
Mars      :  1.52 AU
Jupiter   :  5.20 AU
Saturn    :  9.54 AU
Uranus    : 19.18 AU
Neptune   : 30.06 AU

Planetary Masses:
Mercury : 0.06 $M_{\oplus }$
Venus : 0.81 $M_{\oplus }$
Earth : 1.00 $M_{\oplus }$
Mars : 0.11 $M_{\oplus }$
Jupiter : 317.94 $M_{\oplus }$
Saturn : 95.05 $M_{\oplus }$
Uranus : 14.54 $M_{\oplus }$
Neptune : 17.07 $M_{\oplus }$

Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

1. The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.
2. A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
3. The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of the length of the semi-major axis of its orbit.